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1994-05-02
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<text>
<title>
An Eye On Proliferation
</title>
<article>
<hdr>
World Press Review, May 1992
Military Affairs: An Eye on Proliferation
</hdr>
<body>
<p>From "Asahi Shimbun" (liberal), Tokyo.
</p>
<p> The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), which is
charged with finding ways to grapple with nuclear
proliferation, has come up with a policy of using special
inspections to prevent countries from covertly developing
nuclear arms. There might be many difficulties, however, in
putting this plan into practice, as it involves the sovereignty
of the countries whose nuclear facilities are to be inspected.
</p>
<p> The existing inspections, conducted under safeguard
agreements with the IAEA, in principle cover only those
facilities that are reported to the IAEA by the signatory
nations of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). Even
though there are provisions for special inspections of
suspicious facilities, no inspection has ever been made of
facilities that were not reported by the countries concerned.
</p>
<p> Who will collect the information that would call for a
special inspection, and how would they bring it to the
attention of the United Nations? The most important information
might be gathered by military satellites and other means. But
such information collection could lead to the violation of a
country's sovereignty by the major powers.
</p>
<p> However much the inspection system is strengthened, there is
a limit to the ability to reveal secret nuclear development. It
is essential to create a climate that makes it unnecessary to
resort to nuclear armaments.
</p>
<p> South Africa entered into a safeguard agreement with the
IAEA last fall. Though not parties to the NPT, Brazil and
Argentina have made arrangements for mutual inspections. These
are welcome moves, in line with the general trend toward the
relaxation of tensions in the world. One hopes that Israel and
the Arab countries, as well as India and Pakistan, will also be
induced to take steps to become or remain nuclear free.
</p>
<p> The NPT does not give a stamp of approval to the nuclear
monopoly by the United States, the former Soviet Union, and
other powers. Those countries are required by that treaty to
engage in sincere negations for reductions in nuclear arms.
Without such efforts at the very base of the nuclear order, no
amount of inspection will be enough to strengthen the present
system for nuclear non-proliferation.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>